Roberto clemens galletti



y 1929. I R. c. GALLETTI PROPAGATION OF WIRELESS WAVES Filed July 12,1926 11w- I :1! lfliiiiiimi Patented May 28, 1929.

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FFICE.

PROPAGATION or WIRELESS WAVES.

Application filed July 12, 1926, Serial No. 122,001, and in GreatBritain August 19, 1925.

This invention relates to an improved arrangement for theuni-directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves bymeans of a reflector which is 0011 stituted by a plurality of wires andthe focus of which contains a radiating aerial. It has hitherto beenproposed to arrange the reflecting wires along a portion of a body ofellipends of the barrel, say right and tical cross-sectiomthe wavesradiated being directed along a beam the base of Whichis constitutedbythe concave open'side of the elliptical body.

The invention essentially'difi'ers from the prior arrangement in thisthat the reflecting wires completely surround theradiating aerial bybeing "arrangednot only along a portion but all around the whole'surfaceof the body of elliptical cross-section, whereby the formation of a beamof the character above described isentirely prevented, since the wavesemanating from the focal aerial do not'find any opening on theelliptical-surface but are reflected round and round inside the barreland through, the focal lines until they lapse into a stationary waveconfined to the axial plane of the barrel; thisaction is all the morepowerful if the major axis of the elliptical cross section of the barrelbe equal to a multiple of the half wave length .so

that the return of the stationary wave onto the focal aerial may takeplace in unison with the renewedernanation of this aerial.

A length of :7 In the simplest case 0 whose side 1s such that waveinversion- 2 takes place on each side; then it isobvious that lines ofelectric force connectthe opposite signs along each side of the square,while the lines of magnetic force are perpendicular to the'sheet ofpaper, so that we must recognize equal faculty of radiation towards eachside of the square, except that the barrel apexes, above and below,reflect back, so that radiation remains free only through the open eft.

generator of wireless waves is situated in one focal line I), of anelliptical barrel formed by staves of straight wires 0 parallel to oneanother and having the same periodicity as the oscillator, the sum ofthe vector radii of the ellipse, viz the major axis d thereof, beingmade equal to half the wave length generated,

that is tosay g or a multiple thereof. Under these. conditions an imageis produced in the second focal line 6 By making the ellipse fairlyelongated the field produced between the oscillator arranged.in thefocal line b,

and the image produced in the focal line Z2 is practically a cross HT'-The magnetic lines do not closs around the oscillator but are reflectedat the elliptical surface. Each ray travelling through the foci andreflected Within the ellipse finally lapses on to the major axis whereall the rays continue to puls'ate up and down along the major axis untiltheir energy is radiated through the ends of the barrel, thusconstituting a phantom aerial.

,In the arrangement hereinbefore described the. electromagnet waves arepropagated along a beam in the longitudinal direction of the barrel, theenergy being moreconcentrated along the plane containing the focallines, the highest concentration being along a ray forming acontinuation of the focal line 6,.

The elliptical arrangement of staves may be used horizontally,vertically, or at any desired angle and a second radiating oscillatormay be placed in the focal line .7), and be so energized that its phaseis 180 in relation to the first oscillator.

The natural frequency of the staves of straight wires is made tocorrespond to half the wave lengths propagated in the air, viz

equal to g or a multiple thereof.

According to a modification all the staves or nurse surrounding theradiating oscillator or oscillators placed in the focal line or linesare arranged along the surface of an imaginary conical body thecross-sections of which are at right angles to the axis of the cone theoscillator or oscillators lying in the focal line or lines of the saidconical body as determined by the said elliptical cross-sections.

All the wires may be earthed at one end preferably through a metalsheet.

In the latter arrangement, as well as in the conical arrangement abovereferred to, the transmission is effected in one direction only, viz inthe direction facing the open end, and both these modifications arepreferably used WllGILtllG beam of electromagnetic waves is directedvertically upwards.

When the arrangement is earthed the major axis of the ellipse is A or amultiple thereof, while the natural frequency of the indivldual wlres 1smade to correspond to Z or a multiple thereof.

Vitlr a view to obtaining propagation solely in'the direction facingonly one of the two endsof the system of wires, a reflector, preferablyin the form of a plane reflecting surface, is arranged practically atright angles to the system. of wires at the other end thereof, at thedistance of approximately 1 is applied to the reception ofelectromagnetic waves, the receivlng wire is placed in the focal line ofthe closed reflector of elliptical cross-section constituted by theplurality of reflecting wires, the whole ofthe reflector being directedwith one of its open ends towards the direction from which the waves arereceived.

WVhat I claim is 1. Means forconcentrating electromagnetic waves along aray or beam, comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and aplurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillatoralong the whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of ellipticalcross section, the said radiating oscillator lying in a focal line ofthe said elliptical surface.

2. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves along a ray or beam,comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and a plurality ofwires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillator'along thewhole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of elliptical crosssection, the said radiating oscillat-or lying in a focal line of thesaid elliptical surface and the said wires being parallel to one anotherand to the focal line containing the radiating oscillator.

3. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves along a ray or beamcomprising in combination two radiating oscillators and a plurality ofwires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillators along thewhole elliptical surface of'an imaginary body of elliptical crosssection, the said radiating oscillators lying in the two focal lines ofthe said elliptical surface respectively.

l. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves having a wave length aalong a ray or beam comprising in combination a radiating oscillator anda plurality of Wires completely surrounding the said radiatingoscillator along the whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body ofelliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillator lying in a focalline of the said elliptical surface and the major axis of the ellipsebeing made equal.

thereof.

5. Means for concentrating electromagnetic A --waves having a wavelength A along a rayor beam, comprising in combination a radiatingoscillator and a plurality of wires completely surrounding the saidradiating oscillator along the whole elliptical surface of an imaginarybody of elliptical cross section, thesaid radiating oscillator lying ina focal line of the said elliptical surface and the natural frequencyof, the individual wires arranged along the'surface of the imaginarybody of elliptical cross section being made to correspond to halfthewave length 3 or a multiple tion with a metal sheet through which theearthing is effected.

8. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves having a wave length aalong a ray or beam comprising in combination a radiating oscillator anda plurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiatingoscillator along the whole elliptical surface of, an imaginary body ofelliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillator lying in a focalline of the said elliptical surface, all the Wires arranged along thesurface of the imaginary being earthed and the major axis of the ellipsebeing made equal to half the Wave length ora multiple thereof.

9. Means as claimed in clai1n6 and in Which the natural frequency of theindividual k Wires 1s madeto correspond to 1 or a multlple waves along aray or beam comprising in combination a receiving oscillatory circuitand a plurality of Wires completely surrounding the said receivingoscillatory circuit along the Whole elliptical surface of an imaginarybody of elliptical cross section, the said receiving oscillatory circuitlying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ROBERTO CLEMENS GALLETTI.

